УДК 636.085:595.77
Табл. 2. Ил. 2. Библ. 45.
DOI: 10.21323/2071-2499-2023-3-58-63

Насекомые как альтернативная замена источников белка в рационе цыплят-бройлеров

Полубесова М.А., Журавлева А.З., канд. вет. наук, Рябухин Д.С., канд. хим. наук
ВНИИ пищевых добавок – филиал ФНЦ пищевых систем имени В.М. Горбатова
Ключевые слова: мясная промышленность, цыплята-бройлеры, насекомые, корма, альтернативный протеин,
Реферат:
Традиционным источником белка в кормах цыплят-бройлеров являются рыбная и соевая мука. Такие лимитирующие факторы, как высокая стоимость, возможная фальсификация продукции, логистические накладки с поставками, а также нарушение режимов хранения требуют поиска новых решений по снижению затрат на корма для птицы. Цель настоящего обзора – оценить перспективы введения в диету цыплят-бройлеров насекомых для улучшения питательной ценности кормовых субстратов. Ввиду наибольшего упоминания в качестве рассматриваемых видов насекомых выбраны личинки мухи Чёрная львинка (Hermetia illucens), комнатной мухи (Musca domestica), Большого мучного хрущака (Tenebrio molitor), тутового шелкопряда (Bombyx mori) и некоторых других видов. Использование энтомологической массы в качестве богатой белком добавки в повседневные корма цыплят-бройлеров технически осуществимо, так как они являются естественной пищей для домашней птицы. Насекомых можно выращивать на вторичном сельскохозяйственном сырье, создавая новые направления производств и дополнительные рабочие места в непосредственной близости от крупных фермерских и птицеводческих хозяйств. Насекомые, как и другие ингредиенты корма, должны быть безопасными для бройлеров, а продукты птицеводства также безопасны для употребления. Общие различия в составе питательных веществ (например, белка и жира), описываемые в литературе, указывают на вариабельность состава насекомых с помощью методов выращивания. Соотношение незаменимых аминокислот имеет важное значение, а аминокислотный профиль Большого мучного червя, обыкновенной комнатной мухи и мухи Чёрная львинка близок к профилю соевого шрота, используемого в качестве эталона. Однако появление более точных и надёжных исследований, снижение цен и увеличение объёмов производства насекомых несомненно приведёт к включению энтомопротеина в стандартизированный рацион питания цыплят-бройлеров.

Insects as an alternative substitute for protein sources in a diet of broiler chickens

Polubesova M.A., Zhuravleva A.Z., Ryabukhin D.S.
All-Russia Research Institute for Food Additives – branch of Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems
Key words: broiler chickens, alternative protein, insects, feed, meat industry
Summary:
The traditional sources of proteins in broiler feed are fish and soy meal. But such problems as high cost, possible falsification of products, logistical overlays with supplies, as well as violation of storage regimes require searching for some new solutions to reduce cost of poultry feed. The main aim of the review is to assess the prospects for introducing insects into the diet of broiler chickens to improve the nutritional value of feeding substrates. In view of greatest mention, insects such as larvae of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), housefly (Musca domestica), yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), silkworm (Bombyx mori) and some other species were selected. Using entomological mass as a protein-rich supplement in daily feed of broiler chickens is technically feasible, since they are natural food for poultry. Insects can be grown on agricultural secondary raw materials, creating new areas of production and additional jobs in vicinity of large poultry farms. Obviously, insects, like other feed ingredients, must be safe for broilers, and poultry products also must be safe for consumption. Overall variations in the nutrient composition (e.g., protein and fat) described in the literature indicate variability in the insect composition due to rearing methods. The ratio of essential amino acids is important, and the amino acid profile of yellow mealworm, housefly and black soldier fly is close to the profile of soybean meal used as a reference. However, emergence of more accurate and reliable studies, lower prices and increased production of insects will certainly lead to inclusion of entomoprotein into standardized diet of broiler chickens.

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Контакты:

Полубесова Мария Андреевна
m.polubesova@fncps.ru
Журавлева Айгуль Зарифовна
a.zhuravleva@fncps.ru
Рябухин Дмитрий Сергеевич
d.ryabukhin@fncps.ru

Для цитирования:

Полубесова, М.А. Насекомые как альтернативная замена источников белка в рационе цыплят-бройлеров / М.А. Полубесова, А.З. Журавлева, Д.С. Рябухин // Все о мясе. – 2023. – № 3. – С. 58-63. DOI: 10.21323/2071-2499-2023-3-58-63.

For citation:

Polubesova, M.A. Insects as an alternative substitute for protein sources in a diet of broiler chickens / M.A. Polubesova, A.Z. Zhuravleva, D.S. Ryabukhin // Vsyo o myase. – 2023. – № 3. – Р. 58-63. DOI: 10.21323/2071-2499-2023-3-58-63.